Science and technology questions in exams rarely demand deep engineering. They ask what a technology does, which organisation developed it and what basic principle it uses. A space mission is an application of orbital mechanics; a vaccine news item is an application of immunology; a payment system news item is an application of digital infrastructure.
Keep your base solid with class 6 to 10 science and then add the names of Indian institutions: ISRO for space, DRDO for defence research, CSIR for scientific research, DAE for atomic energy and NPCI for payments.
Concepts to know
ISRO
India's space agency, headquartered in Bengaluru. Missions are launched from Sriharikota.
DRDO
Defence Research and Development Organisation, responsible for indigenous defence technology.
Artificial intelligence
Systems that learn from data to perform tasks such as recognition, translation and prediction.
Renewable energy
Solar, wind, hydro and biomass. India's targets are usually framed in gigawatts of non-fossil capacity.
Vaccines vs antibiotics
Vaccines train immunity against viruses and bacteria; antibiotics kill or stop bacteria and do not work on viruses.
UPI and digital public infrastructure
Open, interoperable systems for identity, payments and data exchange that Indian fintech builds upon.
How questions are framed
Sample 1: Satellites for India's space programme are launched from:
Thumba
Sriharikota
Balasore
Chandipur
Answer: B. Sriharikota
The Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh is ISRO's main launch site.
Sample 2: Antibiotics are effective against:
Viruses
Bacteria
Both
Neither
Answer: B. Bacteria
Antibiotics target bacteria. Viral infections need antivirals or vaccines.
Sample 3: UPI was developed by:
RBI
NPCI
SEBI
NITI Aayog
Answer: B. NPCI
The National Payments Corporation of India built and operates UPI.
How to study this topic
Revise NCERT science summaries so that basic principles are fresh.
For every technology news item, write what it does, who built it and which ministry owns it.
Practise the science questions in the daily quiz for ten minutes a day.
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