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πŸš€ Science, Technology & Space

Core science concepts behind news on space missions, defence tech, health and digital systems.

Useful for: SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, RRB NTPC, NEET (GK sections), CUET.

Science and technology questions in exams rarely demand deep engineering. They ask what a technology does, which organisation developed it and what basic principle it uses. A space mission is an application of orbital mechanics; a vaccine news item is an application of immunology; a payment system news item is an application of digital infrastructure.

Keep your base solid with class 6 to 10 science and then add the names of Indian institutions: ISRO for space, DRDO for defence research, CSIR for scientific research, DAE for atomic energy and NPCI for payments.

Concepts to know

ISRO

India's space agency, headquartered in Bengaluru. Missions are launched from Sriharikota.

DRDO

Defence Research and Development Organisation, responsible for indigenous defence technology.

Artificial intelligence

Systems that learn from data to perform tasks such as recognition, translation and prediction.

Renewable energy

Solar, wind, hydro and biomass. India's targets are usually framed in gigawatts of non-fossil capacity.

Vaccines vs antibiotics

Vaccines train immunity against viruses and bacteria; antibiotics kill or stop bacteria and do not work on viruses.

UPI and digital public infrastructure

Open, interoperable systems for identity, payments and data exchange that Indian fintech builds upon.

How questions are framed

Sample 1: Satellites for India's space programme are launched from:
  1. Thumba
  2. Sriharikota
  3. Balasore
  4. Chandipur

Answer: B. Sriharikota

The Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh is ISRO's main launch site.

Sample 2: Antibiotics are effective against:
  1. Viruses
  2. Bacteria
  3. Both
  4. Neither

Answer: B. Bacteria

Antibiotics target bacteria. Viral infections need antivirals or vaccines.

Sample 3: UPI was developed by:
  1. RBI
  2. NPCI
  3. SEBI
  4. NITI Aayog

Answer: B. NPCI

The National Payments Corporation of India built and operates UPI.

How to study this topic

  1. Revise NCERT science summaries so that basic principles are fresh.
  2. For every technology news item, write what it does, who built it and which ministry owns it.
  3. Practise the science questions in the daily quiz for ten minutes a day.

Practise in the daily quiz

Recent notes on this topic

Frequently asked questions

How deep should I go in space and defence news?
Know the agency, the purpose of the mission or system and where it is made or launched. Technical specifications are rarely asked.

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