President appoints Governors in six states in a major reshuffle
A Rashtrapati Bhavan communique on 12 October 2026 announced new Governors for six states.
Read the full note with exam angle and questions →🏛️ Polity & Governance
Constitutional articles, institutions, bills and committees: the static base that makes every political news item easy to place.
Useful for: SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, RRB NTPC, CUET, Banking (GA).
Most polity questions in current-affairs form are really constitutional questions in disguise. A news item about a new law, a Supreme Court judgement or a commission report almost always connects to an Article, a Schedule or an institution you can study once and recognise forever.
The best way to prepare is to build a small map: Parliament and its powers, the executive, the judiciary, constitutional bodies and amendments. Then each news item is a pin on that map instead of a new fact to memorise.
Concepts to know
Fundamental Rights (Part III)
Articles 12 to 35, including equality, freedom, protection of life and liberty (Article 21) and constitutional remedies (Article 32).
Directive Principles (Part IV)
Guidelines for the State, not enforceable by courts, aimed at building a welfare state.
Money Bill
Defined in Article 110. It can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha, and the Rajya Sabha can only make recommendations.
Constitutional bodies
Election Commission, UPSC, Finance Commission, CAG and others, created directly by the Constitution.
Emergency provisions
National Emergency (Article 352), President's Rule (Article 356) and Financial Emergency (Article 360).
Amendment procedure
Article 368 allows Parliament to amend the Constitution, with some changes also needing ratification by half of the states.
How questions are framed
Sample 1: Which Article deals with the Right to Constitutional Remedies?
- Article 19
- Article 21
- Article 32
- Article 226
Answer: C. Article 32
Article 32 lets a person approach the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Article 226 gives similar power to High Courts.
Sample 2: A Money Bill can be introduced only in:
- Rajya Sabha
- Lok Sabha
- Either House
- Joint sitting
Answer: B. Lok Sabha
Money Bills originate in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha has only a recommendatory role.
Sample 3: Which Article is related to President's Rule in a state?
- Article 352
- Article 356
- Article 360
- Article 365
Answer: B. Article 356
Article 356 covers failure of constitutional machinery in a state.
How to study this topic
- Make a table of Articles you meet in news and match each with its one-line purpose.
- Learn the difference between constitutional, statutory and non-statutory bodies.
- When a bill or judgement appears in the news, note which House, which Article and which authority are involved.
- Attempt our Polity questions in the daily quiz and revisit the ones you missed.
Recent notes on this topic
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Read the full note with exam angle and questions →Frequently asked questions
Is polity important for SSC exams?
Yes. Polity forms a steady share of the General Awareness section in SSC CGL and CHSL, mostly from fundamentals.
Do I need to memorise all Articles?
No. Focus on the commonly asked ones: Articles 12 to 35, 52 to 79, 108 to 124, 148, 280, 324, 352, 356 and 368.